Recently, the Euro has experienced a noticeable increase and, over the last month, has gained 5% against the USD. What makes this movement particularly interesting is the simultaneous increase in the interest rate spread between the US and the ECB. Normally, higher American interest rates lead to capital flows to dollar-denominated assets, which strengthens the dollar. However, this time the old relationship seems to be broken and no longer holds true, which points to a shift in investor sentiment.
A historical relationship is broken
Historically, German bonds and the Euro have moved in opposite directions. A strong Euro can usually be interpreted as economic optimism, which reduces the demand for secure investments like German bonds. However, currently, both the Euro and German bonds are rising, which is an unusual occurrence that can be interpreted as capital flight to the eurozone.
Since the traditional relationship between interest rates and German bonds is broken, it indicates a growing uncertainty among investors regarding American politics. Since 2022, the volatility in US Treasuries has remained high; yet, it has currently reached its highest level in over a year. Consequently, investors are increasingly questioning whether US Treasuries can still be considered the world’s ultimate safe-haven asset.
Stability over interest rate spreads
According to some interest rate experts, global investors are overlooking their exposure towards the US in favor of the eurozone, especially Germany, in search of stability, interest rate security, and a more politically predictable environment. Despite Germany’s bonds having had low or even negative interest rates in the past, they become an alternative since the government has promised to increase borrowing to finance new investments.
Simultaneously, the interest rate development seems to play a smaller role for the currency market than in the past. An interest rate spread of 2% in favor of the US would normally strengthen the USD; however, today we are experiencing the opposite. Importantly, this shows that today’s market cares less about interest rate spreads than political stability and predictability. Despite the change, it is unlikely that the USD will lose its role as the leading currency any time soon. The American bond market is still considerably larger and more liquid than Europe’s and dominates in world trade. Still, the change marks an important shift as institutional investors diversify into euro-denominated assets.
The course remains uncertain
Ahead, the course remains largely in the hands of American politicians, who through their actions must address the growing concern in the market. If the volatility in the American bond market continues and trust in the American economy continues to deteriorate, the Euro stands to gain further. Ultimately, the unexpected strength in the Euro and the weakening of the dollar give insights into the occurring shift in capital flows — a development that could come to change the exchange market for several years to come.
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